小升初英语重要语法知识点总结

小学《新标准英语》教材中涉及的`重要语法知识主要有8种：to be句型、there be句型、一般现在时句型、现在进行时句型、一般过去时句型、情态动词can/could/should引导的句型、一般将来时will/be going to句型、祈使句等，其中多种语法现象广泛出现在各册教材中，现以五、六年级教材为例将重点句型归类介绍如下：

　l to be句型：主要用于介绍个人情况如姓名、健康状况、身份、家庭成员、朋友、职业;描述事物特征;表达方位、长度、年代、颜色、季节、时间、某人的物品及感觉等，该句式广泛分布于各册教材中，其中第1、2册更是以此句型为主，9-12册中这类“四会”句型有：

　1. This one is heavy.

　2. It’s an autumn festival. It’s really fun.

　3. It isn’t hers. It isn’t his.

　4. Whose T-shirt is it? It’s mine.

　5. Are you sad? No， I’m not.

　6. What’s the matter? Nothing.

　7. I’m sorry.

　8. This black bag is nice. It’s big.

　9. It’s very heavy. Look at this green one. It’s light.

　10. How long is the Great Wall?

　11. It’s ten thousand li long.

　12. How old is the Great Wall?

　13. It’s more than two thousand years old.

　14. Thanksgiving is my favourite.

　15. Families are together.

　16. They’re deaf.

　17. This water is very clean.

　18. It’s fun to drink this way.

　19. How much is it? It’s thirteen dollars and twenty-five cents.

　20. What’s the matter?

　21. I’m really excited.

　l there be句型：包括现在与过去两种，即：there is/are， there was/were。用于

　表达某处有某物的客观存在关系。该句型主要分布在Book5，Book9， Book11和Book12中，教材中以陈述句与how many引导的特殊疑问句问答为主。五、六年级教材中该类重点句有：

　1. There weren’t any swings here before.

　2. There was only a slide.

　3. There wasn’t a pond here before.

　4. There is one now.

　5. There are many sweets.

　6. There are many fruits， too.

　7. There is a Chinatown in New York.

　8. There was a big lake and there were lots of ducks.

初三英语重点知识点

　英语语法的学习，是学好英语的重要内容。下面是我为大家收集整理的 高二英语 语法知识点，相信这些文字对你会有所帮助的。

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　高二英语语法知识点(一)

　过去分词作状语：过去分词作状语时，说明动作发生的背景或情况，其等同于一个状语从句。vt 过去分词作状语时与主句主语构成被动关系，表示被动和完成，vi 过去分词表示状态或动作的完成。

　Heated , water changes into steam .

　The professor came in, followed by a group of young people .

　1 作原因状语，等于as / since / because 引导从句

　Moved by what she said ,we couldn?t help crying . = ( As we are moved by what she said ?

　2 作时间状语，等于when 引导时间从句，如果分词表示的动作与谓语的动作同时发生，可在分词前加when/ while / until 等使时间意义更明确。

　When heated , water can be changed into steam .

　Seen from the hill ,the park looks very beautiful .= ( When the park is seen from the hill?

　3 作条件状语等于 if / whether 引导从句

　Given more attention , the cabbages could have grown better .= ( If they have been given more attention ?.

　Compared with you , we still have a long way to go = ( If we are compared with you ?

　4 作方式或伴随状语

　The actress came in , followed by her fans .

　She sat by the window , lost in thought .

　5 作让步状语

　Much tired ,he still kept on working .=(Although he was tired ,) he ?.

　6 独立主格结构： 当分词的逻辑主语不是主句主语时，分词可以有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。常用来表示伴随情况。

　The boy rushed into the classroom , his face covered with sweat .

　All things considered ,your article is of great value than hers .

　Rewrite with proper conjunctions

　Example : United we stand, divided we fall.

　If we are united, we will stand, but if we are divided,we will fall.

　1 Asked what had happened, he told us about it.

　?When he was asked what had happened, ?

　2 Well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.

　?Because he was well known for his expert advice.

高二英语语法知识点(二)

　1.倒装句的定义：英语最基本的词序是主语在谓语动词的前面。

　如果把谓语动词放在主语前面，就叫做倒装。

　2. 倒装句的构成

　a) 完全倒装

　将 句子 的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，称之为完全倒装。

　Are you from here? 你是本地人吗?

　Now comes the chance. 机会来了。

　b) 部分倒装

　只将助动词、系动词或情态动词移至主语之前，谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面，称之为部分倒装。例如：

　Has he come? 他来了吗?

　Seldom have we felt as comfortable as here. 我们难得像在这里这么舒服。

　Only in this way can we do the work better.

　3. 倒装的原因

　a) 句子语法结构的需要。例如：

　Did you attend the meeting? 你参加会议了吗?

　Long live peace! 和平万岁!

　b) 一些句型的固定用法。例如：

　Such were his last words. 他最后的话就是这样。

　c)强调的需要。倒装以后，句子更加流畅生动。例如：

　Never before have we seen such a sight. 以前我们从来没有见过这样的情景。

　Before us lay a lot of difficulties. 在我们前面有很多困难。

　Often did we warn them not to do so. 我们曾多次警告他们不要这样做。

　4. 倒装句的基本用法

　a) 构成疑问句(除对主语或主语之定语提问的特殊疑问句外)：

　When are we going to drink to your happiness? 我们什么时候喝你们的喜酒?

　Have you seen the film? 你看了那部**吗?

　b) 在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down

　c) 副词only+状语放在句首时:

　Only then did he realize his mistakes . 只有在那时他才认识到自己的错误。

　Only in this way can you learn maths well . 只有用这种 方法 你才能学好数学。

　d) 含有否定意义的副词或连词(如little, hardly, never, rarely, no sooner?than等)放在句首时:

　Little did I think that he could be back alive. 我没有想到他竟能活着回来。

　Not until New Year?s Day shall I give you a gift. 我要到 元旦 那天才能给你礼物。

　Hardly had the train arrived at the station when we ran towards the sleeping car looking for our guests.

　火车刚一进站，我们就跑到卧车那儿去找我们的客人。

　e) 副词so或 neither(nor)在句首:

　He is interested in pop-songs, and so am I.他对流行歌曲感兴趣，我也如此。

　He hasn?t been to the countryside, neither does he want to go there.他没有去过农村，他也不想去那里。

　f) 在方式状语thus开头的句子中及程度状语so放句首:

　Thus ended his life. 这样结束了他的生命。

　So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him . 他讲话的声音那样大，连隔壁屋子里的人都听得见。

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　高二英语语法知识点(三)

　英语中过去分词可作宾补，(此时的过去分词一般是及物动词)表被动意义或完成意义，有时两者兼而有之。做宾补的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。如：

　She found the door broken in when she came back.(宾补与宾语有被动的关系，表一种状态。)

　一. 过去分词用在表状态的动词keep,leave等的后面。

　Eg:They kept the door locked for a long time.

　Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.( 谚语 ：少说多看)

　Don't leave such an important thing undone.

　Don't leave the windows broken like this all the time.

　二.过分词用在get,have,make, 的后面。

　1.注意?have +宾语+过去分词?的两种情况：

　A)表"让某人做某事/让某事(被人)做"

　eg: I have had my bike repaired.

　The villagers had many trees planted just then.

　B)表"遭遇到某种不幸，受到打击/受....影响，蒙受..... 损失"

　Eg:I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month.

　The old man had his leg broken in the accident.

　He had his leg broken in the match yesterday.(MET1986)

　2."make+宾语+过去分词",在这种结构中，过去分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的。如：

　They managed to make themselves understood in very simple English.

　I raised my voice to make myself heard.

　三、过去分词用在感观动词watch,notice,see,hear,listen to ,feel,find等后面。如

　When we got to school,we saw the door locked.

　We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.

　He felt himself cheated.

　The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.(NMET2000)

　四、过去分词用在want,wish,like ,expect等表示?希望，愿望?这一类动词后面做宾补。如

　The boss wouldn't like the problem discussed at the moment.

　I would like my house painted white.

　I want the suit made to his own measure.

　I wish the problem settled.

　五、过去分词用在?with +宾语+宾补?这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。如：

　The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.

　With many brightly-coloured flowers planted around the building ,his house looks like a beautiful garden.

　With everything well arranged,he left the office.

　六、过去分词、现在分词、和不定式作宾补的区别。

　现在分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是主谓关系。其动作与谓语动作同时进行。

　过去分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是动宾关系。其动作先于谓语动作。

　不定式作宾补：　表一个完成的动作、或表一个很短时间内看到、听到或感觉到的具体动作。

初三英语有很多重要的知识点，下面为大家整理初三英语知识点，供大家参考学习，希望对大家复习有帮助。

定冠词的用法

1、表示人或者事物的某一类：

the常用于可数名词单数前，代表一类人或事物。

Do you know who involved the computer?

你知道是谁发明了计算机吗？

2、表示特定的人或物。

表示特指某人或某事物等，以区别于同类中的其他人或事物。

Is this the book that you are looking for?

这就是你要找的书吗。

3、指上文中已提到过的人或物。

There is a chair in the room.An old man is sitting on the chair.

房间里有一把椅子，椅子上坐着一位老人。

4、表示地球、宇宙中独一无二的事物。

Man is now studying and using the sun.

人类正在研究和利用太阳。

5、用于比较级、最高级和序数词前。

Which story is the more interesting (story) of the two?

这两个故事哪一个更有趣？

特别注意：

序数词前面也可用不定冠词，但意义与用定冠词不同。

I have failed twice, but I'll try a third time.

我失败了两次，但我还要试一次。

6、用于“the ＋比较级…，the＋比较级…”结构中

The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you'll make。

你越仔细，出错的就越少。

7、用于名词化的形容词前。

The rich wish to be richer, and the poor fear to be poorer .

富人希望更富，穷人害怕更穷。

8、用于西洋乐器等前。

They are going to the cinema tonight.

他们今晚要去看**。

9、用于姓氏复数形式前。

The Greens are watching TV.

格林一家在看电视。

10、用于集体名词、物质名词、专有名词前。

The people in this country are kind and ready to help others.

这个国家的人民善良且又乐于助人。

主动语态和被动语态

1.主动语态是表示主语是谓语动作的使动方的语态。在主动语态中，谓语的动作源自主语，而施加于宾语。

2.被动语态)是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。

3.主动语态和被动语态的区别

在主动语态中，主语后面接人(be +动词原型);被动语态(be+动词过去分词)。

举例：

(1)主动语态：The snowslide killed him. 雪崩害死了他。

被动语态：He was killed by the snowslide. 他死于雪崩。

(2)主动语态：We use electricity to run machines. 我们用电力来开动机器。

被动语态：Electricity is used to run machines. 电力被我们用来开动机器。

(3)主动语态：Bell invented the telephone in 1876.贝尔于1876年发明了电话。

被动语态：The telephone was invented by Bell in1876.电话是贝尔于1876年发明的。

复数的变换

1.在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas

2.x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes

3.（1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy- comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories

（2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways

4.以o结尾加s(外来词)。如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯

5.以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves

6.单复数相同(不变的)有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese

7.一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks

8.单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同学, family家，家庭成员

9.合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers

重点短语

1.buy sth for ab./ buy sb. sth为某人买某物

2.taste + adj.尝起来……

3.nothing...but+V.(原形)除了……之外什么都没有

4.seem+(to be)+adj看起来

5.go skate boarding去划板

6.keep healthy=stay healthy保持健康

7.eating habits饮食习惯

8.take more exercise做更多的运动

9.be like a mirror像一面镜子

10.as long as只要；与…...一样长

11.bring out显示/显出

12.get better grades取得更好的成绩

13.for example=e.g.例如

14.take …..seriously认真对待

15.not everybody并不是每个人